1. 1

   Raw Material Selection & Pre-Cleaning

   • Visual inspection + manual sorting to remove stones, plastic, metal, foreign matter
   • Ensures consistent, 100% coconut-derived inputs
   • Time: 15–30 minutes per batch
2. 2

   Crushing / Size Reduction

   • Mechanical crushing and milling (ambient temperature)
   • Output: cocopeat (0.1–6 mm) and/or husk chips (10–20 mm)
   • No additives introduced
   • Time: 20–40 minutes | Temp: 30–40°C
3. 3

   Washing & Leaching (Salt Removal)

   • Multi-stage wash to remove Na⁺/Cl⁻ salts, tannins, and soluble impurities
   • Stages: 2–4 cycles depending on target EC
   • Water ratio: 3–4 m³ water / 1 m³ raw material
   • Target EC: ≤ 0.5 mS/cm (washed products)
   • Time: 12–48 hours total soak & drain
   • No chemical detergents used
4. 4

   Buffering (Only for Buffered Products)

   • Skipped for non-buffered/raw products.
   • Soak washed material in calcium solution to replace Na/K with Ca
   • Concentration: 1–2% | Soak time: 8–24 hours
   • Final rinse with clean water after buffering
   • Result: stable, plant-safe media for sensitive crops
5. 5

   Mechanical Dewatering

   • Pressing or screw-dewatering reduces moisture from ~70–80% → 50–60%
   • Time: 10–20 minutes | Temp: Ambient
   • No heat and no chemicals
6. 6

   Thermal Drying & Heat Treatment

   • Rotary drum drying with biomass furnace heat (rice husk / coconut shell / agri-biomass)
   • Inlet air: 600–700°C | Material temp: 80–100°C
   • Residence time: 40–50 minutes | Final moisture: 12–18%
   • Purpose: moisture control + pathogen reduction (E. coli, Salmonella, nematodes)
   • No direct flame contact with product
7. 7

   Screening & Particle Classification

   • Remove oversized fibers and/or fine dust (as per customer spec)
   • Particle sizing customized by market requirements
   • Time: 10–15 minutes
8. 8

   Final Quality Control

   • Batch tests: moisture, EC, pH, contamination, bulk density
   • Optional lab tests: heavy metals and microbiology (upon request)
9. 9

   Compression & Packaging

   • Format options: blocks (5 kg / 1 kg / 650 g) or loose bags / jumbo bags
   • Packaging: PE bags / woven PP bags
   • No binders, glues, or stabilizers used
   • Time: 10–20 minutes per unit

The entire manufacturing process uses only physical, mechanical, water-based, and thermal methods. No prohibited substances under USDA-NOP are used. The process does not involve chemical synthesis, modification, or polymerization. Products are suitable for certified organic farming systems.

We hereby declare that the above description accurately represents the actual manufacturing process used by VinaTap Vietnam Co., Ltd. for the production of cocopeat and coco husk chip products.